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1.
Med. interna (Caracas) ; 32(1): 28-36, 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | LIVECS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1009600

ABSTRACT

El progreso en la tecnología ha puesto a disposición del médico una gran cantidad de exámenes de laboratorio y estudios de imágenes que le permiten confirmar y ampliar su diagnóstico clínico con gran capacidad para beneficiar a los pacientes. Sin embargo, su uso inadecuado expone a los enfermos a riesgos e incomodidades y además aumenta los costos sin mejorar la atención médica. La vigencia de la aproximación clínica a los enfermos ofrece una solución a este dilema. Aquí examinamos el problema, enumeramos las causas del uso inadecuado del laboratorio y se proponen algunas soluciones(AU)


Progress in technology has made available to physicians a lot of laboratory tests and imaging studies, allowing them to confirm their clinical diagnosis and benefit patients. However, the inappropriate use of these resources, produces risks and anxiety to patients, and also it increases costs without improving medical care. The clinical approach to patients offers a solution to this dilemma. Here we analyze the problem; the causes of inappropriate use of the laboratory and some solutions are proposed(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Clinical Diagnosis , Patient-Centered Care , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Access to Essential Medicines and Health Technologies , General Practice , Internal Medicine
2.
Gac. méd. Caracas ; 121(3): 183-198, jul.-sept. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-731331

ABSTRACT

El tratamiento trombolítico ha producido un cambio positivo en la actitud de los clínicos ante los pacientes con ictus isquémico agudo. Un modesto beneficio de un 13% contrasta con un aumento del 10% en la ocurrencia de hemorragia intracerebral sintomática. Sin embargo, la mortalidad no es diferente entre los pacientes que reciben el agente trombolítico rt-PA y los que reciben placebo. Se continua estudiando la ventana terapéutica extendida actualmente hasta 4,5 horas de iniciado el evento y la organización de la atención que permita beneficiar a un mayor número de pacientes, pues por varias razones solo son elegibles en promedio 3%. Se revisan los estudios más relevantes sobre la trombólisis especialmente intravenosa: el NINDS, el ECAS III, el IST-3 y el DIDAS y DEDAS. Se describen las principales complicaciones de este tipo de terapia: la hemorragia intracerebral sintomática, otros tipos de hemorragias, angioedema y ruptura miocárdica


Thrombolytic therapy has positively changed the attitude of clinicians to treat patients with acute ischemic stroke. Treated patients were 13% more likely to achieve a recover with no significant disability after 3 month. This benefit was achieved at the cost of a 10% increase in the rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. However, this increase did not result in a higher rate of death or severe disability in the treated group. Intravenous rt-PA can be given with significant but decreasing benefit and an acceptable risk to benefit ratio up to 4,5 hours as therapeutic window. Thrombolytic therapy remains substantially underused. Most relevant trials which deal with thrombolytic therapy: NINDS, ECAS III, IST-3, DIDAS andDEDAS, are analyzed. The most frequent complications of this therapy are described


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Stroke/therapy , Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Brain Ischemia/prevention & control , National Health Programs/trends , Thrombolytic Therapy/adverse effects , Thrombosis/therapy , Medical Care/methods , Medical Care/policies , Infusions, Intravenous , Telemedicine/organization & administration
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